Pharmacology of diuretics pdf

Pharmacology made ridiculously easy mnemonics for medical. Diuretics are drugs that help rid the body of excess wa any type of diuretic increases water loss through urina diuretics are used most often to treat problems when th potential side effects of thiazide diuretics include fl what is the main intended action of diuretics are drugs that help rid the body. While some investiga tors claim the predominant diuretic action of the thiazides to be inhibition of sodium and chloride reabsorption at the proximal tubular level. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Heart failure pharmacology maureen schaupp, msn, cnp, chfn cleveland clinic section of advanced heart failure and cardiac transplant. The effect the drug elicits on body systems is both chemical and psychological effect placebo and both these aspects fall under pharmacology.

Thus, pharmacology looks at how drugs effect the functions of living body. Diuretic agents prevent hypertension, congestive cardiac failure, and edema, by increasing the. Chronic renal failure nephrotic syndrome cirrhosis mild chf moderate or severe chf loop diuretic. Titrate single daily dose up to ceiling dose as needed thiazide diuretic. Diuretic, any drug that increases the flow of urine. Clinical pharmacology of antihypertensive therapy for the. All but spironolactone must reach the lumen or urinary side of the nephron to exert their effects. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs nsaids inhibit diuretic secretion and alter diuretic responsiveness, and because of their frequent use, are an important cause of heart failure exacerbations. Contraindications, side effects and interaction with other drugs of this group are discussed in detail. They can also potentiate the effects of other proximally acting diuretics e.

Diuretics, commonly called water pills, are drugs that promote diuresis, that is increased production of urine. Yet other classes of drugs, including antihypertensives, antibiotics, and antivirals, may also interact with these transporters and cause resistance 35. Diuretic agents increase the urine formation, by influencing any of the processes involved in urine formation. The following discussion and accompanying illustration provide a simple overview of how the kidney handles water and electrolytes. Diuretics pharmacology pdf diuretics classification pdf. Diuretics are used in the treatment of conditions such as hypertension, heart failure and cirrhosis. During intravenous therapy with ntg, if blood pressure bp drops and ischemia is not relieved, the addition of phenylephrine will allow coronary perfusion pressure cpp to be maintained while allowing.

This ebook for the pharmacology by lippincott is one of the most trusted books by medical students and examiners which is the reason why newer editions are being made almost each year for new drugs and advancements in medicine. Pharmacology of diuretics free download as powerpoint presentation. Prevalence according to the american heart association, there are more than 100 million americans living with high blood pressure. Finally, in this section of the article, you will be able to get access to the katzung pharmacology 14th edition pdf free download files. Pharmacology is a study of drugs, especially of the ways in which they react biologically at receptor sites in the body. Diuretics are drugs that primarily increase the excretion of sodium.

Diuretics university of pittsburgh school of medicine center for clinical pharmacology edwin k. Easy to remember pharmacology mnemonics with pictures. If the plasma concentration of a drug declines with firstorder kinetics, this means that. Diuretics work on the kidneys to eliminate water and electrolytes thus they have. The term potassium sparing refers to an effects rather than a mechanism or location.

Loop diuretics are one of the cornerstones of treatments for heart failure, but there is sparse robust clinical trial evidence to guide use. Cv pharmacology diuretic agents prepared and presenter. Loop diuretics act on the loop of henle in the kidney and prevent reab sorption of water and salt. Pharmacological classification and renal actions of diuretics. Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about the bmj. Paramedic pharmacology manual 3 infiltration precautions before administering any iv medication or solution, the paramedic must check the iv site for patency and signs of infiltration andor phlebitis.

The normal metabolism of loop diuretics is shown in figure 2a. Nov 30, 2017 potassiumsparing diuretics these are diuretics which do not promote the secretion of potassium into the urine. Choose from 500 different sets of pharmacology quiz 1 diuretics flashcards on quizlet. Understanding renal physiology and loop diuretic pharmacology is key to successful diuretic therapy. Increase the urine flow, change urine ph change the ionic composition of the urine and blood. Funny and easy to remember pharmacology mnemonics personally, i find majority of the preexisting pharmacology mnemonics boring as they consist of redundant riddles. We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. The effect the drug elicits on body systems is both chemical and psychological effect placebo and both these aspects fall under. Diminished response in these conditions is caused by a decrease in the sensitivity of the nephron to the diuretic, the mechanism of which is unknown. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Learn pharmacology quiz 1 diuretics with free interactive flashcards. These ten questions test your knowledge about the essential, core facts that you, as a student, are expected to know. Diuretics are the cornerstone of therapy in management of animals with congestive heart failure chf characterized by cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, ascites, or a combination of these signs. Emedicine article hypokalemia illustration hotlinked.

Feb 15, 2017 diuretics, commonly called water pills, are drugs that promote diuresis, that is increased production of urine. D tripathi, there comes another book which is one of the finest books to read in second year of mbbs for pharmacology. Diuretics are drugs, which increase renal excretion of salt and water. Depending on the class, diuretics act on different renal structures and lead to varying changes in the volume and composition of urine as well as electrolyte balance. And ironically some were even harder to memorize than the drug itself. The three classes of diuretics table 2 used to treat hypertension are thiazides and related agents, loop diuretics, and potassiumsparing diuretics. Associate professor pharmacology recommended reading. Highyield pharmacology 3rd edition pdf free download direct link katzung pharmacology 14th edition pdf free download section also 12, th editions0. Potassiumsparing diuretics pharmacology the essential. In order to understand the action of diuretics it is important to have some knowledge of the basic. Diuretics are a group of drugs that induce increased production of urine. Jan 06, 2018 these substances increase the excretion of water, sodium, and chloride through urine.

Diuretics promote the removal from the body of excess water, salts, poisons, and accumulated metabolic products, such as urea. Pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs your complete guide. The site of action for thiazides is the nacl cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, which is responsible for around 5% of total sodium reabsorption. Contact the medical control physician immediately for orders. Thiazide diuretics are medications that help remove extra fluid volume from the blood through increased urination. Download pharmacology books pdf free all medical stuff.

Reducing the amount of fluid in the blood vessels results in reduction in blood pressure. Clinical pharmacology in diuretic use american society. Brater, druginduced electrolyte disorders and use of diuretics in. Below are the links given to goodman and gilman free ebook in pdf format for pharmacology. They serve to rid the body of excess fluid that accumulates in the tissues owing to various disease states. Diuretics iv lasix to start, oral loop diuretic later, and thiazide prn should he need it. A potential side effect of this activity is that they may cause electrolyte imbalances. Pharmacology 501801 practice final exam february 22, 2005 for each of the following multiple choice questions, choose the. Loop diuretics primarily exert their effects by inhibiting the 2cl.

A comparative pharmacological study of diuretic drugs. Pharmacy diuretics free download as powerpoint presentation. They are classified by their mechanism of action as loop diuretics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, thiazides. Each type works in a distinct way and in different parts of the kidney. Three classes of diuretics are used to treat chf in dogs and cats. Diuretics or diuretic agents are the substances which enhance the urine formation and output. They are occasionally used to counteract the potassiumwasting effects of thiazides. Diuretics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs, and play an important role in the treatment of heart failure and hypertension. Loop diuretics include drugs such as furosemide and bumetanide. Receive instant access to 720 more quiz questions by registering with pharmafactz today. Clinical pharmacology of diuretic drugs american journal of. Diuretics are generally used for the treatment of disorders involving an increase in extracellular fluid volume like. The neurolepticinduced sideeffect expressed as involuntary movements of tongue and lips is.

Thiazide diuretics are the oldest class of antihypertensive drugs still in use. Clinical pharmacology in diuretic use american society of. Pharmacology is the study of different drugs, their mechanism of action, effects and. Jun 08, 2019 diuretics are drugs that primarily increase the excretion of sodium. Before considering the specific action of diuretic drugs on the transport of water and electrolytes in the renal tubule, brief attention should be given to their effects on glomerular filtration since such effects may influence to a major extent the magnitude of the diuresis. Why diuretics should be used in heart failure how they improve symptoms and outcomes how to start and titrate the dose what the possible side effects are and what to do about them activation of the raas by the failing heart leads to fluid and salt retention. The most commonly used diuretics are furosemide a loop diuretic, chlorothiazide, and spironolactone.

Diuretics are used to remove inappropriate water volume in animals with edema or volume overload, correct specific ion imbalances, and reduce blood pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure see table. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Mechanisms of action, pharmacological effects and clinical indications of diuretic compounds. F, edema, pct,dct introduction all soluble constituents of blood minus the plasma proteins and lipids are filtered at the glomerulus. If infiltration occurs, stop the drug but do not remove the iv device. Crcl 50, use 25 to 50 mgd hctz crcl 20 to 50, use 50 to 100 mgd hctz crcl diuretic. Principles of pharmacology basic concepts and clinical application new york. Each segment of the nephronproximal convoluted tubule pct, thick ascending limb of the loop of henle tal, distal convoluted tubule dct, and cortical collecting tubule ccthas a different mechanism for reabsorbing sodium and other ions. Used by themselves, potassiumsparing diuretics exert only a mild diuretic effect because the collecting duct reabsorbs only 25% of filtered sodium. General pharmacology renal handling of sodium and water. All of the following are general mechanisms of drug permeation except a aqueous diffusion b aqueous hydrolysis c lipid diffusion d pinocytosis or endocytosis e special carrier transport 2.

Rather than using large single doses of diuretic in chf and cirrhosis, multiple doses andor combinations of diuretics should be used. Other side effects include gout, which results from raised uric acid levels hyperuricaemia table 2, fig. Diuretics pdf diuretics pharmacology pdf diuretics classification pdf. This book will not dissapoint you in any board exam be it. The subgroups of the sodiumexcreting diuretics are based on these sites and processes in the nephron.

The loop diuretics furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide act from the lumen to inhibit the nak2cl cotransporter nkcc2, encoded by slc12a1 along the thick ascending limb and. Dahshan hassan dahshan containing lectures about basic and clinical pharmacology which prepared from pharma guide book. Goodman and gilman provides beautiful insights and explanations to the students. Pharmacology and clinical use of diuretics katie herndon, pharm. Thus, in settings of decreased renal function, doses must be increased to deliver more diuretic into the urine. These substances increase the excretion of water, sodium, and chloride through urine. Potassium is retained and not lost as much as with other diuretics. Pharmacology of diuretics authorstream presentation.

Starting with the physiology of the kidney, it progresses to explain how diuretics actually work, via symports on the inside of the renal tubules. The clinical pharmacology of potassiumsparing diuretics is important. They exert most of their therapeutic effects through inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium at different sites along the nephron of the kidney. The loop diuretics furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide act from the lumen to inhibit the. Thiazides improve cardiovascular outcomes, including stroke, heart failure, coronary events, and death 36,37. Five major pharmacological classes of antihypertensive drugs are detailed here. Diuretics also called water pills are drugs that increase urine production in the kidneys, promoting the removal of salt and fluid from the body. Sstevenjohnson syndrome skin rash solubility low uurine precipitation useful for uti. To some extent, they also increase the volume of urine produced by the kidneys by blocking the absorptive capacity of cells lining the renal tubules for sodium, intravascular volume and the eventual leaking of fluid from capillaries is reduced and prevented. Loop diuretics act on the loop of henle in the kidney and prevent reabsorption of water and salt.

Dont forget to take the thiazide diuretics quiz after. For this reason, it is frequently taken alongside another diuretic such as a loop or thiazide diuretic to counteract potassium loss and promote overall diuresis. Show all questions dm is a 62 year old africanamerican man who has had poorly controlled hypertension for the past 10 years, and now presents with signs of ankle edema, a low gfr and a serum creatinine of 2. Diuretics may be classified according to their chemical structure, their mechanism and site of action within. Low mg and high ca cause increased contractility, which may precipitate arrhythmias if on digoxin. So, i always tried making mnemonics of my own and it worked because my brain works on a higher dimension. Loop diuretics are medications that help remove extra fluid volume from the blood through increased urination. Loop diuretics pharmacology all the facts in one place. Pepper, rn, cns, phd, faan the wide variety of firstline agents available for managing high blood pressure include diuretics, beta adrenergic receptor blockers, alpha adrener gic receptor blockers, angiotensin converting en. Thiazide and loop diuretics are considered potas siumdepleting diuretics. Diuretic drugs are typically classified first according to their predominant site of action along the nephron and second by the mechanism by which they inhibit transport. Furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide are absorbed relatively quickly after oral administration see figure 2b, reaching peak concentrations within 0. Diuretics knowledge for medical students and physicians. May 21, 20 this feature is not available right now.

All diuretics prevent sodium reabsorption in the nephron, and thereby promote water excretion. Thus, in settings of decreased renal function, doses must be increased to deliver more diuretic. Goodman and gilman pharmacology pdf download medicforyou. The diuretics in our therapeutic armamentarium have predictable effects based on their nephron sites of action.